My first thought would be that you’d need a panel plugin that queries the data source on click, and then sends it to a data source.
Since panel plugin can’t (shouldn’t really) make authenticated requests, you’d have to select the data source it should post the data to.
Unfortunately, data sources are designed for reading data from, and don’t have a formal way of writing data back. If you write the data source yourself, you can implement a method that writes back, and have the panel call that method directly.
You could also build an app plugin with a backend, and configure a resource handler, which essentially gives you an authenticated web server with a custom endpoint, that can handle any HTTP requests.
Hope that helps!